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Your First Time?
Never been in a studio before? The first time out can be as scary as
it is thrilling.
For me, the first outing was absolutely terrifying. Fortunately as my
session-playing experience grew, working in professional recording facilities
became less intimidating, and far more productive.

Most of us have seen pictures of pro studios in magazines or on TV. You'll
usually see some scary little sterile rooms; and what looks like enough
high-tech gizmos to launch a fleet of space-shuttles. A forest of chromed
stands holds a collection of weird looking microphones, the likes of which
you've never seen. A desk covered in buttons and knobs. Video/monitor/movie
screens. Portable sections of wall. Complicated looking keyboards. Speakers.
Lots of really cool looking speakers.
and a chair.
That's how it looked to me. Suddenly I was in this stark little room,
being observed through the vacuous silence, by someone I think must be
really smart to know what all this stuff is for, on the other side of
two layers of what looks like bulletproof glass. I felt like I was in
a test-tube.
Then an icy, mechanical-sounding voice came through my headphones
"rolling".
Over the years I've dubbed this scenario "the goldfish-bowl effect".
Personally, I found it to be the scariest aspect of recording. I tell
you this so that you can appreciate the lengths we've gone to so that
none of our clients will ever feel this way.
Goblin-Cross Records' on-site studio ("Metro-Gnome") is laid
out all in one medium sized room. The engineer and the gear are in the
same room with you.
The experience feels more like jamming in a friends' recroom than being
on display in a goldfish-bowl. This is deliberate. If you can't relax
and get into the project, you'll waste a lot of time doing take, after
take, after take.
I try to start the process of "settling in" long before the
session starts. We ask a lot of questions beforehand about the project,
and discuss different ways of getting it done. We may make some recommendations,
but this is only after we have a clear understanding of what the finished
goal is in your mind. Then we take a look at how long it will probably
take to do it.
Almost everyone underestimates the time required to finish a great project.
I constantly hear things like, "we're only doing 6 songs at 3 minutes
each, so we'll only need a couple of hours". The band in this case
has added together the playing times of all the songs, allowed double
that for mistakes, and made what appears at first to be a responsible
and economical guess.
What has been overlooked here is that time is needed for set-up of instruments,
transfer of any computer files into the studio system (midi files, samples,
etc), microphone setup and placement, sound-check, monitor check, sync-check,
click-track setup, bed-tracking and overdubbing. With everything running
perfectly, an experienced engineer, a well-rehearsed band, and good organization,
these steps will still take time.
In the FAQ section, I stated that an average 4-member rock band would
need 16-24 hours of studio time to do a 3-song demo. This is not a greedy
pie-in-the-sky estimate on my part. It's actually a very conservative
estimate based on many years of experience.
In this section, I'd like to go through the whole process, beginning
to end, using a hypothetical (although typical) 4-member rock band as
an example. Let's assume it's your band.
It starts when you first pick up the phone and call us.
At that time we'll discuss the type of project you want to do,
Will it be in-studio, or on location?
What instrumentation and how many people will be involved?
Is this for a demo or a full CD project?
When did you want to begin this? (Approximately)
The next step is to come in and meet us.
We would never expect anyone to book time "sight unseen",
and without meeting us in person. This step is called "the studio
tour".
At this meeting we'll show you some similar projects we've helped other
clients with, (play some tracks) and discuss in more detail how we might
proceed with your project. Once those details are set, we book the sessions.
In our example, the rock band wants to do a 3-song demo. (Get the feeling
this happens a lot?) These guys may have some, but not a lot, of experience
in the studio, so they expect it will take 16 hours.
The booking is for two days, a Saturday and a Sunday consecutively.
This will cost an estimated amount (16 x the clock-rate) plus the cost
of any media used. Since the band is doing 3 songs, 6 DAT tapes will be
required for backing up the project, plus 1 for mastering. (Add 7 x $10-approx.)
A non-refundable deposit of 25% of the expected balance is collected to
confirm the booking of the two sessions.
The band arrives at 10am Saturday. There is a drummer, a keyboard player
and a bassist, who sings backing vocals and a lead singer who also plays
guitar. (Good lineup- I wish this was my band!)
Here is an example of how the day would probably unfold:
| 10:00 am |
Band arrives on time (hey, it could happen). Introductions. Bring
gear in from car. Gear includes:
- a 5-piece drumset with cymbals
- two keyboards with stands
- 1 bass with stand
- 2 electric guitars, some guitar effects, 1 acoustic guitar and
2 guitar stands
- 1 amplifier
- 2 gym-bags of other assorted stuff like patch-cords (which nobody
needs to bring but everybody does) spare guitar strings, spare
tubes, picks, lunch, towel, whatever.
These guys seem relatively organized.
(They must have visited Goblin-Cross.com!)
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| 10:15 am |
Band begins setup. Engineer will suggest locations. Drums and keyboards
take the longest. Guitarist and bassist finish setting up the fastest,
and should help the others. |
| 10:30 am |
Keyboardist will have midi files to transfer over to the computer.
This must be done first because the tempo-maps for the recorders and
subsequently the click-track will usually be based on the bands original
midi files. |
| 10:45 am |
Tempo-maps are set, click-tracks are created, and system synchronization
is tested. Believe it or not, the keyboardist will probably not play
live at all during these sessions. |
| 10:55 am |
Set up microphones. The way a project is usually recorded, everybody
plays together in the room, and then each track is replaced with an
overdub. Everything is mic'd, bass and keys will probably just plug
in directly. (anything more elaborate is unlikely- this is a demo
project) |
| 11:30 am |
Preliminary sound-check. At this time, the sound-check will be "quick
and dirty". We're only interested in getting everybody heard
and on tape at this point. |
| 11:45 am |
Monitor check. This will include a brief playing to make sure everyone
can hear what they need to in the cue mix (headphone mix) |
| 11:50 am |
Bed-tracking. Take 1. Everybody is recorded at the same time playing
together. This will be a rough recording. The challenge will be to
play to a click-track (metronome). This can be extra challenging if
you've never done it before, but it's well worth the effort (we'll
get into why later). Takes will be recorded until the band is as close
to the click as possible. Performances don't need to be perfect- only
timing. -this can be frustrating, but you'll thank me later! |
| 01:30 pm |
Depending on how rehearsed the band is, it could take 1-3 hours
to record bed-tracks for 3 songs. Now we're ready to begin preparing
to overdub tracks over the bed-track. Let's start with drums and
bass.
This will involve a somewhat more serious sound-check. Microphone
positions may be adjusted to find "the sweet spots" (locations
where the sound is best). Being a demo, we'll probably only commit
about 15 minutes to this. For an album (CD) project this testing
could go as far as the client wishes. For example, when Dire Straits
recorded "Sultans of Swing" it took 3 days to find what
Mark Knopfler referred to as "the perfect snare sound".
For this demo, the bass will be plugged directly into the console.
It's simpler, quicker, and it allows us to record drums and bass
at the same time.
|
| 01:45 pm |
Now we begin over-dubbing drums and bass. To do this, the drum
and bass tracks will be re-recorded by themselves. The players will
hear the rest of the band in their headphones, and play along with
the recording. During this process, musicians not presently recording
may be asked to temporarily leave the studio (this way the players
are not distracted by onlookers and nobody will be embarrassed by
their mistakes)
|
| 02:30 pm |
Next we'll record guitars. If acoustic guitars are being used, they
will be mic'd directly (no amp). If they're electric guitars, we may
mic the amp cabinet, or plug the guitar into a DI box or pre-amp.
Every instrument recorded will require a separate sound-check. Again,
everybody but the guitarist may clear out. |
| 05:30 pm |
Guitar tracks are finished (usually). No keyboards had to be recorded
because the computer is playing the midi files transferred in earlier.
The engineer will now move mics out of the way, and the band can
begin to "strike the rig" (pack up). Cables need to be
coiled, mics put away, stands taken down, and the engineer will
begin to make DAT backups of today's session.
|
| 06:00 pm |
Band leaves the studio for the day. |
Sunday's focus will be on finishing vocal tracks, mixing, mastering,
and finally making a master CD.
| 10:00 am |
Band arrives and setup for vocals begins. We're going to lay down
a lead vocal first. This is one track where most clients get really
fussy. Setup and sound-check for a lead vocal will usually take 10-15
minutes. For three demo songs the band will probably commit a maximum
of 2 hours. |
| 12:15 pm |
Setup for backing-vocals. There are several ways to record backing
vocals, and the method chosen will depend on the type of sound the
band is after and the number of tracks left available in the recorder. |
| 01:30 pm |
All tracks have now been recorded. Now is a good time to listen
to individual tracks and do a little bit of track cleanup. |
| 01:45 pm |
While the band gets a chance to relax, the engineer begins setting
up the board to mix. Mixing is every bit an art as much as science.
Rough mixes are quickly set-up based on the tonal/stylistic requests
of the band. Various audio effects will be auditioned on individual
tracks, as well as application of EQ, noise-gates, and compressors/limiters.
The mix will be tweaked until the best possible overall result is
achieved.
Don't panic if it seems like it's taking too long to mix the first
song. Chances are, the last two songs were recorded the same way
and the mixes will often be similar. (Most bands develop an overall
"sound" that makes their material identifiable as uniquely
"theirs", even if the songs are radically different from
each other).
These mixes are then transferred to DAT tape.
|
| 04:00 pm |
The finished mixes on DAT are now transferred to the DAW ("Digital
Audio Workstation"- a computer based CD mastering system) for
mastering.
Mastering is a process which, simply put, applies a final "polish"
to the tracks in question. Some types of noises will be edited out.
Start and end times will be trimmed. More compression may be applied,
and the tracks may be "normalized" or compressed up to
a standard, which is suitable for radio. Mastering is your last
chance to improve your sound before making a master disc.
|
| 05:00 pm |
Now that the tracks have been mastered, a track order must be decided
upon. Then an image file of the entire project is created in the computer
to facilitate the making of the final master disc.
The CD is then made based on the image-file and tested in a consumer-type
CD player. |
| 06:00 pm |
The band settles all financial arrangements and leaves with the
finished CD, ONLY if the account is paid in full.
The engineer then makes new backup DATs of the entire session. (this
allows the band to revisit the project at a later date should they
wish, without having to start over from scratch). |
Again, with all accounts settled, the DAT backups and 1 copy of the CD
master become property of the band.
So there we have a fairly common 3 song demo scenario, completed in 16
hours, with not a minute to spare. Surprising that it could take that
long, isn't it?
This isn't to say that your project will have to take that much time,
but now that you know what may be involved, you can now form a more educated
estimate of the time requirements of a professional project.
So what should you expect at Goblin-Cross Records?
Professionalism. We treat all of our clients with equal care and
respect.
We look forward to your call.
©2002, Ross Goodfellow
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